Land Reclamation involves the creation of land over water by utilizing sand dredged from the sea for coastal protection and/or to create areas for residential, recreational or industrial purposes. A subcategory of land reclamation is beach replenishment, where sand is placed on eroded beaches for coastal protection.

Rock Revetment is applied to protect shores against tidal and wave actions. In land reclamation projects, first a breakwater is formed with the supplied rocks marking out the circumference of the island. Subsequently, the island itself is reclaimed with sand using various techniques. Within the scope of the port infrastructure works it concerns mainly the construction of breakwaters or shore protection.